Greenhouse net fixing methods compared

Where clips work best in a greenhouse

• External shade net over the roof: clip along gutters, ridge pipes and purlins so it can be removed in winter.
• Internal shade screens: clip to support wires running across the house.
• Net houses on wire: clip shade or insect net along tight GI wires and edge pipes.
• Side curtain edges: clip net or film to the top and bottom pipes of roll-up curtains.
• Bird net over crops: clip to ridge and side wires.
• Repairs: clip a patch over a tear, or hold film in place until the profile can be fixed.

How to fix greenhouse net with clips, step by step

1. Check the frame. Pipes and wires must be firm and tight; re-tension any slack wire first.
2. Cut the net with extra on every side so the edge can fold over the pipe or wire.
3. Start at the windward end. Clip the corners first, folding the net over the pipe and pressing the clip closed.
4. Clip the middle of each side to keep the net square.
5. Fill in every 30 to 50 cm, closer (about 30 cm) on the windward side, corners and gable ends.
6. Clip along every internal pipe or wire the net rests on, so it cannot lift or billow.
7. For insect net, seal the base. Clip the bottom edge to a low pipe or bury it, so insects cannot crawl under.
8. Inspect after the first strong wind and add clips wherever the net lifts.

More detail on the clip method is in how to fix shade net without drilling.

How many clips for a greenhouse?

Clips needed = length of every pipe or wire the net is fixed to (m) × 100 ÷ spacing (cm), plus 10% spare.

For several houses, see our bulk buying guide for polyhouse builders or request a project quote.

Shop shade net clips →

Tips for long-lasting greenhouse nets

• Choose nets made to a recognised standard; India’s BIS has a standard for agricultural shade nets.
• Keep wires tight; a slack wire means a sagging net however many clips you use.
• Roll up external shade nets before cyclones or very strong winds.
• Check insect net edges regularly; a small gap lets pests in.
• Reuse clips when nets are replaced; they open and refit cleanly.

Common mistakes

• Clips too far apart: spacing over 50 cm lets wind get under the net.
• No fold over the pipe: fold the net so the clip grips two layers.
• Using clips for permanent roof film: use locking profiles there; clips are for nets, screens and repairs.
• Gaps at the base of insect net: seal the bottom edge.

Related guides

See polyhouse floor setup, how many shade net clips you need and fixing shade net on a pipe frame without welding.

Sources and further reading

• Notice inviting tender for an insect-proof net house (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya): university net house specification listing C-type aluminium profile and 2.3 mm zig-zag spring wire
• MIDH Operational Guidelines, April 2025: Government of India guidelines covering greenhouses, shade net houses and BIS conformity of materials
• IS 16008, Agro Textiles: Shade Nets (Bureau of Indian Standards): Indian Standard for agricultural and horticultural shade nets

Frequently asked questions

How do you fix net on a greenhouse?

Permanent film and main insect net walls are fixed with aluminium or GI locking profiles and zig-zag spring wire. Shade nets, screens, net houses on wire and side curtain edges are quicker to fix with two-part shade net clips every 30 to 50 cm.

Can I fix greenhouse shade net without drilling?

Yes. Shade net clips grip the net onto existing pipes and wires, so no drilling, screws or tying are needed.

How far apart should clips be on a greenhouse net?

Every 30 to 50 cm along each pipe or wire, closer (about 30 cm) on the windward side, corners and gable ends.

Can shade net clips hold insect net?

Yes. The same clips hold shade net, insect net, bird net, greenhouse film and tarpaulin. Seal the base of insect net so pests cannot crawl under.

Should I use clips for polyhouse roof film?

For permanent roof film, use locking profiles and spring wire. Clips are best for nets, screens, side curtains, seasonal covers and quick repairs.

How many clips does a 1,000 sq m polyhouse need?

About 715 clips for side curtain edges at 40 cm spacing, or about 890 for an internal shade screen on cross wires at 50 cm spacing. Use the clip calculator for your own layout.

The post Greenhouse Net Fixing: How to Fix Shade, Insect and Bird Net on a Polyhouse appeared first on Allions Global.

Grow bag size for brinjal: the short answer

These are general guides. The more mix a plant has, the more water and nutrients it can hold, which matters most in hot weather. If you use a smaller bag, make up for it with more frequent watering and regular feeding.

Why container size matters for brinjal

• Root room: brinjal forms a deep, spreading root system to support a bushy plant and heavy fruit.
• Water buffer: a bigger volume of mix dries out more slowly on a hot terrace.
• Nutrition: brinjal fruits over a long period and needs steady feeding.
• Stability: a loaded plant can tip a small, light bag unless it is staked.

About our grow bags

Our HDPE grow bags are 20 × 20 × 35 cm (about 8 × 8 × 14 inch), roughly 14 litres. The tall shape gives good depth on a small footprint, the white outer surface reflects heat, punched holes drain excess water, and the bags fold flat for storage. They suit compact brinjal, chilli, capsicum, cherry tomato, okra, greens and herbs. For which bag suits each vegetable, see our grow bag size guide for tomato, chilli and brinjal.

How to grow brinjal in grow bags, step by step

1. Choose a compact variety if you are using medium grow bags.
2. Prepare a rich, light mix: roughly equal parts soil, cocopeat and compost or vermicompost. See our potting mix guide.
3. Fill to 3 to 5 cm below the rim and water until it drains.
4. Transplant one healthy seedling per bag, ideally in the evening, and water in.
5. Push a bamboo stake in on planting day so you do not damage roots later.
6. Place in full sun, at least 6 hours a day.
7. Clip the main stem to the stake with plant support clips every 20 to 30 cm as it grows.
8. Water regularly: check daily in summer and water when the top few centimetres are dry.
9. Feed every 2 to 3 weeks with a handful of compost or vermicompost once flowering starts.
10. Harvest young and glossy fruit by cutting the stalk; regular picking keeps the plant producing.

Watch out for shoot and fruit borer

Shoot and fruit borer is the most common brinjal pest in India. Signs are wilting shoot tips and holes in fruit plugged with frass. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University recommends cultural steps such as removing and destroying affected shoots and fruits, and avoiding growing brinjal continuously in the same place. On a terrace, check plants every few days and remove damaged shoots promptly.

How many bags and how much mix?

Need bags for a nursery or a large terrace project? Ask us for a bulk quote.

Shop HDPE grow bags →

Common mistakes

• Two plants in one bag: they compete and both stay small.
• No stake: fruiting plants lean and can tip the bag.
• Heavy soil only: it compacts and drains badly.
• Irregular watering: letting the bag dry out and then flooding it stresses the plant and affects flowering.
• Too little sun: brinjal needs full sun to flower and fruit well.

Related guides

Read grow bags for terrace and balcony gardening, plant support: clips vs tying vs trellis and shade net for terrace gardens for summer protection.

Sources and further reading

• Growing vegetables in containers: choose the right container size (University of Maryland Extension): extension guidance on minimum container volumes for standard and dwarf eggplant and tomato
• Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (TNAU Agritech Portal): symptoms and cultural management of the main brinjal pest in India
• Potting substrate effect on strawberry in terrace gardening (FAO AGRIS): ICAR study supporting a 1:1:1 soil, cocopeat and compost mix for terrace containers

Frequently asked questions

What size grow bag is best for brinjal?

As a general guide, full-size brinjal does best in about 30 litres or more of mix, and compact varieties in about 15 to 20 litres. Our 14 litre grow bag suits compact, small-fruited brinjal with regular watering and feeding.

Can I grow brinjal in a 14 litre grow bag?

Yes, for compact or small-fruited varieties, one plant per bag, with a stake, full sun, regular watering and feeding every 2 to 3 weeks.

How many brinjal plants per grow bag?

One. Two plants in one bag compete for water and nutrients and both stay small.

What potting mix is best for brinjal in grow bags?

A rich, light mix of roughly equal parts soil, cocopeat and compost or vermicompost.

Does brinjal need support in grow bags?

Yes. Push a stake in on planting day and clip the main stem to it every 20 to 30 cm as the plant grows.

How do I control shoot and fruit borer on terrace brinjal?

Check plants every few days and remove and destroy wilted shoots and bored fruits, as TNAU recommends, and avoid growing brinjal in the same bags season after season.

The post Grow Bag Size for Brinjal: What Works and How to Grow It on a Terrace appeared first on Allions Global.

Weed mat cost calculator

Why weed mat cost per acre varies so much

Three things decide your cost:

• How much you cover. Full ground cover uses about three times more mat than tree-row strips.
• Roll width. Wider rolls mean fewer joins, less overlap and fewer pins. See which roll width to buy.
• Pin spacing. Windy, sloping or sandy sites need closer pins, which adds cost.

Material needed per acre: three common layouts

For a square acre of about 63.6 m × 63.6 m, with pins every 1 m along edges and every 50 cm on joins:

On sheltered vegetable beds, pinning edges every 1.5 m instead of 1 m cuts the pin count by about a third. Enter your own layout in the calculator above for live prices.

Think in cost per year, not just upfront cost

Our UV-stabilised 110 GSM mat is rated for 3 to 5 years outdoors, so the cost is spread across many crops. The calculator shows your estimated cost per year over 3 and 5 years. A cheaper mat that breaks down in one season costs you again next year, plus the labour to relay it.

How to calculate your own weed mat cost per acre

1. Measure what you will cover. Add up the length of every bed or row and note its width.
2. Pick the roll width that covers each bed or row in one piece, adding 10 to 15 cm per side for pinning.
3. Mat needed = total length of beds or rows (in metres) of that width.
4. Pins needed = (total mat length × 2) ÷ edge spacing, plus the length of joins ÷ 0.5 m.
5. Cost = mat and pins at current prices. The calculator picks the cheapest mix of roll lengths and pin packs for you.
6. Cost per year = total cost ÷ the years you expect the mat to last (3 to 5).

Will weed mat pay back? A simple comparison

Weeds are a major cause of crop loss in India. ICAR has reported average yield losses from weeds of about 25% in a 2018 study and about 13% in a 2026 reassessment, worth billions of dollars a year nationally. On top of yield, hand weeding is one of the biggest labour costs on many farms.

To compare for your own farm, fill in your numbers:

Weed mat also saves water and fertiliser that weeds would otherwise take, which adds to the case on drip-irrigated crops. See drip irrigation with weed mat.

Ways to reduce the cost per acre

• Cover only where it matters: beds or tree rows instead of the whole field.
• Use wider rolls on large areas to cut joins and pins.
• Buy full 100 m rolls for long rows; they work out cheaper per metre than short lengths.
• Pin smart: 1.5 m spacing on sheltered sites, 1 m on windy ones.
• Look after the mat so it lasts the full 3 to 5 years; lift and relay it between crops.
• Ask about schemes: government horticulture programmes such as MIDH support plastic mulching; check with your state horticulture department whether your project and material qualify.

Buying for one acre or more

Per-acre orders need many rolls plus thousands of pins. Send us your field size and layout for a bulk quote, and we will suggest the most economical roll widths and pin quantities.

Shop weed mat rolls →

Related guides

See weed mat price per square metre, weed mat for orchard rows, how to lay weed mat and weed mat nails vs U-pins.

Sources and further reading

• From yield losses to productivity gains: improved weed management technologies (ICAR): ICAR report on average crop yield losses caused by weeds in India (about 25% in 2018, about 13% in a 2026 reassessment)
• MIDH Operational Guidelines, April 2025: Government of India horticulture mission guidelines that include assistance for plastic mulching
• Mulching: a diversified and multipurpose input in agriculture (FAO AGRIS): research overview of mulch types and benefits

Frequently asked questions

What is the weed mat cost per acre in India?

It depends on how much you cover. Full ground cover needs about 30 rolls of 1.5 m × 100 m mat, vegetable beds about 27 rolls of 1 m × 100 m, and orchard strips about 9 rolls of 1.5 m × 100 m, plus pins. Use the calculator on this page for the live cost.

How many weed mat rolls are needed for 1 acre?

About 30 rolls of 1.5 m × 100 m for full cover, about 27 rolls of 1 m × 100 m for vegetable beds, or about 9 rolls of 1.5 m × 100 m for orchard strips.

How many weed mat nails are needed per acre?

About 6,000 for full cover, about 5,350 for vegetable beds and about 1,650 for orchard strips, with pins every 1 m on edges and 50 cm on joins.

Is it cheaper to cover only beds or rows?

Yes. Covering only vegetable beds uses about two thirds of the mat of full cover, and orchard strips about a third.

How long does weed mat last?

Our UV-stabilised 110 GSM weed mat is rated for 3 to 5 years outdoors, so its cost is spread over several crops.

Is there a subsidy for weed mat?

Government horticulture programmes such as MIDH support plastic mulching. Check with your state horticulture department whether your project and material qualify.

The post Weed Mat Cost per Acre in India: Full Cost Breakdown (2026) appeared first on Allions Global.

Drip under weed mat vs on top: comparison

Because our woven mat lets water and air through, drip on top still works. But for most growers, drip under the mat gives better water use, longer pipe life and less work once set up.

What you need

• 1 m weed mat for beds up to about 80 cm wide, or 1.5 m weed mat for wider beds and orchard rows.
• 16 mm drip laterals with drippers at plant spacing, a filter and end caps.
• 16 mm drip pipe holder stakes to fix laterals before covering.
• Galvanized U-pins to pin the mat over the pipe at ends and joins.
• 6 inch weed mat nails (or 7 inch for sandy or windy sites) for the mat edges.

How to lay drip under weed mat, step by step

1. Prepare the bed. Clear weeds and stones, add compost and level the surface.
2. Lay the laterals along the bed with drippers where plants will go. Let the pipe warm in the sun so it straightens.
3. Fix the laterals. Push a drip stake in every 1 to 2 m and at each bend, and press the pipe into the C-clip. This keeps drippers lined up with the planting holes you will cut.
4. Test the system. Run water and check every dripper. Fixing a problem now is far easier than after the mat goes down.
5. Mark dripper positions on the bed edge with small sticks, so you can find them through the mat.
6. Roll the weed mat over the bed. Use the green guide lines to keep it straight.
7. Pin the mat. Nails every 1 to 1.5 m along the edges; U-pins over the pipe at each bed end and along any joins, since they straddle 16 mm pipe without crushing it.
8. Cut small X holes at each dripper and plant through them.
9. Leave an inspection point at the start of each lateral, such as a short slit you can fold back, so you can check the connector and filter.

For more on laying mat and drip together, see our strawberry and vegetable bed guide and how to lay drip lines on raised beds.

When drip on top of the mat makes sense

• Trial beds where you are still deciding plant spacing.
• Rows where you move drip lines between crops every few weeks.
• Quick repairs, where you lay a temporary line over an existing mat.

If you run drip on top, still fix it with stakes or U-pins every 1 to 2 m so it does not snake away from the plants. Our guide on stopping drip pipes shifting explains why.

Worked example: 10 beds of 1 m × 30 m, one lateral each

Drip pipe, drippers and fittings are sourced separately. For farm-scale orders, ask us for a bulk quote.

Shop 16 mm drip pipe stakes →

Common mistakes

• Covering drip before testing: always run the system first.
• No stakes under the mat: laterals still move and drippers end up away from the holes.
• Nails through the pipe: never nail over the line; use U-pins that straddle it.
• Big planting holes: keep cuts small so light and weeds stay out.
• No filter: clogged drippers under a mat are harder to find.

Related guides

Compare fixings in weed mat nails vs U-pins, choose your width in which weed mat roll width to buy, and read keep drip lines in place with stakes and U-pins.

Sources and further reading

• Commercial Vegetable Production: Fertigation, MF-1092 (Kansas State University Extension): extension guide describing drip irrigation with plastic mulch as standard practice and fertigation through drip as more efficient
• Drip irrigation under plastic mulch for cotton in Xinjiang, China (WOCAT SLM database): documented practice showing water saving and weed suppression from drip under mulch
• MIDH Operational Guidelines, April 2025: Government of India horticulture mission guidelines covering plastic mulching and protected cultivation

Frequently asked questions

Should drip irrigation go under or over weed mat?

For most beds, under. Fix and test the drip lines, then roll the weed mat over them and cut holes at each dripper. The pipe is shaded and water goes straight to the roots.

Does water from drip pass through weed mat?

Yes. Woven weed mat is water permeable, so drip on top still soaks through, but drip under the mat delivers water more directly and loses less to evaporation.

How do I pin weed mat over a drip line?

Use galvanized U-pins, which straddle 16 mm pipe without crushing it. Never push nails through the line.

How do I find drippers under the mat?

Mark each dripper position at the bed edge before laying the mat, then cut small X holes in line with the marks.

How many drip stakes do I need under weed mat?

One every 1 to 2 m along each lateral plus one at each bend and end. A 30 m lateral at 1.5 m spacing needs about 21.

Can I repair drip under weed mat?

Yes. Fold back the mat at the planting hole or lift the edge near the problem, fix the pipe, then re-pin the mat.

The post Drip Irrigation with Weed Mat: Above or Below the Mat? appeared first on Allions Global.

Why the right potting mix matters in grow bags

• Drainage: roots need air as well as water. Heavy soil stays waterlogged and roots rot.
• Moisture holding: on a hot terrace, a mix with cocopeat or compost holds water between waterings.
• Nutrition: compost or vermicompost feeds the plant; plain soil from a construction site or lawn often has very little.
• Weight: a light mix keeps bags easy to move and reduces load on your roof slab.

The three main ingredients

Optional extras many gardeners add: a little coarse sand or perlite for extra drainage, and a handful of neem cake as a commonly used organic soil conditioner.

Potting mix recipes for grow bags

These are general starting points. Adjust for your soil: if it is sandy, add more compost; if it is heavy clay, add more cocopeat.

How to mix and fill grow bags, step by step

1. Prepare the cocopeat. Soak the block in water until it fully expands, then squeeze out excess water.
2. Sieve the soil to remove stones, roots and lumps. Spreading it in the sun for a few days before use is a common practice to dry it and reduce pests.
3. Measure by volume using a bucket: for the basic recipe, one bucket each of soil, cocopeat and compost.
4. Mix thoroughly on a tarpaulin until the colour is even. The mix should feel moist but not wet.
5. Open the grow bag fully and stand it on its square base.
6. Fill to 3 to 5 cm below the rim, pressing lightly. Do not pack it hard.
7. Water slowly until water runs from the drainage holes, then let it settle and top up if needed.
8. Plant one seedling per bag for tomato, chilli and brinjal, and add a stake at planting for tall crops.

How much potting mix do you need?

Our 20 × 20 × 35 cm grow bag holds roughly 14 litres. Filled to 3 to 5 cm below the rim, it takes about 12 litres of mix.

For schools, societies and nurseries, ask us for a bulk quote.

Shop HDPE grow bags →

Feeding and refreshing the mix

• Top up with a handful of compost or vermicompost every few weeks during the growing season.
• Water at the base early in the morning; check the top few centimetres daily in summer.
• At the end of a crop, remove old roots, mix in fresh compost and some new cocopeat, and reuse the mix.

Common mistakes

• Plain garden soil only: it compacts, drains poorly and makes bags heavy.
• Too much cocopeat: very high cocopeat mixes dry out fast and hold few nutrients.
• Fresh manure: undecomposed manure heats up and can burn roots.
• Filling to the brim: leave 3 to 5 cm so water does not run off.
• Packing the mix hard: press lightly so roots can spread.

Related guides

Pick the right bag for each crop with our grow bag size guide, start with the grow bags beginner’s guide, and see the terrace kitchen garden starter kit. Tall plants need support: use plant support clips on a stake, and water many bags easily with drip held by 16 mm drip pipe stakes.

Sources and further reading

• Potting substrate effect on yield and quality of strawberry in terrace gardening (FAO AGRIS record): ICAR study (Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022) finding a 1:1:1 soil, cocopeat and vermicompost or FYM mix most suitable
• Evaluation of potting media combinations for outdoor vertical gardening (Punjab Agricultural University, KrishiKosh): university research where a soil, vermicompost and cocopeat mix gave the best plant growth

Frequently asked questions

What is the best potting mix for grow bags?

For most vegetables, mix equal parts garden soil, cocopeat and compost or vermicompost (about 1:1:1 by volume). It drains well, holds moisture and feeds the plant.

How much potting mix does one grow bag need?

Our 20 × 20 × 35 cm grow bag holds about 14 litres and needs roughly 12 litres of mix when filled to 3 to 5 cm below the rim.

Can I use only garden soil in grow bags?

It is not recommended. Plain soil compacts, drains poorly and makes bags heavy. Mix it with cocopeat and compost.

Is cocopeat alone enough for grow bags?

No. Cocopeat holds water but has few nutrients and dries out quickly. Combine it with soil and compost.

What potting mix is best for vegetables on a terrace?

A light 1:1:1 mix of soil, cocopeat and compost or vermicompost suits tomato, chilli, brinjal, okra and greens on terraces.

The post Best Potting Mix for Grow Bags in India appeared first on Allions Global.

Why parking shade nets fail

• Sagging: a net tied at a few points dips in the middle and rests on the car roof, where it rubs and collects dust and leaves.
• Wind damage: a parking canopy is a big sail. Loose edges flap all day until the mesh tears at the tie points.
• Rusty wire and brittle ties: GI wire ties rust and stain the net; cable ties go brittle in the sun and snap.
• Welding and drilling: welded hooks or drilled holes are permanent, can rust and make it hard to replace the net later.

What you need

Which shade percentage for parking?

As a general guide, parking and sitting areas use darker nets than vegetable gardens because the goal is maximum shade, not plant growth:

• 75%: good shade with some light; suits most homes.
• 90%: maximum shade for very hot regions and cars parked all day.
• 35 to 50%: better kept for plants; see our shade net for terrace garden guide.

How to fix a car parking shade net without welding

1. Check or build the frame. Posts must be firmly set and the frame square. Use bolt-on pipe fittings or clamps to join GI pipes, so no welding is needed. If you have an existing carport or pergola, you can usually clip straight onto it.
2. Add middle supports. For any span wider than about 3 m, run a middle pipe or a tight GI wire across the frame so the net has something to rest on.
3. Lay the net over the frame with a helper and centre it, leaving extra on every side.
4. Clip the four corners first. Fold the net edge over the pipe, place the two halves of the shade net clip over it and press until it closes.
5. Clip the middle of each side to keep the net square, then pull it gently tight.
6. Fill in every 30 cm along all edges. Parking areas are usually open to wind, so stay at the close end of the 30 to 50 cm range.
7. Clip along the middle pipe or wire to stop the net lifting.
8. Check after the first strong wind and add clips where the net lifts.

The full fixing method is in our guide on how to fix shade net without drilling.

How many clips do you need?

Clips needed = length of every pipe or wire the net is fixed to (m) × 100 ÷ spacing (cm), plus 10% spare.

For more examples, see our shade net clips quantity guide.

Packs and bulk orders

Allions Global shade net clips come in packs of 100, 200, 500 and 1000. Because they are reusable, the same clips go back on when you replace the net. Covering parking for a housing society, office or several sites? Ask us for a bulk quote.

Shop shade net clips →

Common mistakes

• No middle support: wide nets sag onto the car without a middle pipe or wire.
• Too few clips: spacing wider than 50 cm lets wind get under the net.
• Net too small: leave enough net to fold over the pipe so the clip grips two layers.
• Leaving it up through cyclones: before very strong storms, open a few clips and roll the net up.
• Too light a net: 35 to 50% nets suit plants, not cars.

Looking after your parking shade

• Check clips every few months, especially on the windward side.
• Hose off dust and leaves so the net does not get heavy.
• Before monsoon storms on exposed sites, open the clips and store the net, then refit it after.

Sources and further reading

• IS 16008, Agro Textiles: Shade Nets for Agriculture and Horticulture Purposes (Bureau of Indian Standards): Indian Standard covering shade nets (now updated as IS 16008 Parts 1 and 2); useful when comparing shade net quality
• MIDH Operational Guidelines, April 2025: Government of India guidelines covering shade net structures and BIS conformity of materials

Frequently asked questions

How do you fix a car parking shade net without welding?

Use a GI pipe frame joined with bolt-on fittings or an existing structure, then fix the net with two-part shade net clips every 30 cm along each edge and middle pipe. No welding, drilling or tying is needed.

Which shade net is best for car parking?

A 75 to 90% shade net. Use 90% in very hot regions or where cars are parked all day.

How many shade net clips do I need for car parking?

A single-car 5 m × 6 m canopy needs about 80 clips at 30 cm spacing, so one pack of 100 is enough. A two-car canopy with a middle pipe needs about 110.

How do I stop a parking shade net from sagging?

Add a middle pipe or tight GI wire across any span wider than about 3 m, and clip the net along it as well as along the edges.

Can I reuse the clips when I replace the net?

Yes. The clips are reusable: open them, remove the old net and refit them on the new one.

The post Car Parking Shade Net: How to Fix It Tight Without Welding appeared first on Allions Global.

What is plastic mulching sheet?

Plastic mulching sheet (mulch film) is a thin polyethylene film laid over raised beds, usually with drip lines underneath. It comes in black, silver-black and other colours, and planting holes are punched through it. It is widely used for vegetables such as chilli, tomato, capsicum, watermelon and strawberry.

What is woven weed mat?

Weed mat is a woven polypropylene fabric. Our 110 GSM weed mat is black with carbon black and UV stabilisers, has green guide lines, and comes in 0.6 m, 1 m and 1.5 m widths, in 5 m to 100 m rolls. Unlike film, the weave lets water and air pass through to the soil.

Side-by-side comparison

When plastic mulching sheet makes sense

• Short-season vegetables where beds are reshaped every crop.
• Mechanised farms laying film and drip together by machine.
• Crops that benefit from soil warming in cooler seasons.
• Silver-black film where growers want a reflective surface.

When weed mat is the better choice

• Permanent or semi-permanent beds, such as strawberry, asparagus, herbs and nursery beds.
• Orchards along tree rows, where a strip stays down for years. See weed mat for orchard rows.
• Polyhouse and net house floors and aisles that take daily foot traffic. See polyhouse floor setup.
• Areas with heavy rain, where you want water to soak in rather than run off.
• Paths and landscaping, under gravel or between beds.
• Anyone tired of disposing of used film every season.

Cost thinking over time

Mulch film usually wins on upfront cost for a single crop, and weed mat costs more on day one. But a UV-stabilised mat rated for 3 to 5 years spreads that cost over many crops, and saves the labour of laying and removing film each time. For a full breakdown, read weed mat price in India.

Using weed mat like mulch on vegetable beds

1. Shape and level the beds.
2. Lay and test drip laterals, fixed with 16 mm drip pipe stakes.
3. Roll a 1 m weed mat over each bed (use 1.5 m for wide beds).
4. Pin edges every 1 to 1.5 m with 6 inch nails or U-pins.
5. Cut small X-shaped holes at each dripper and plant through them.
6. At the end of the crop, cut plants at the base, sweep the mat clean and plant the next crop through the same holes, or lift and relay.

The full method is in our strawberry and vegetable bed guide and how to lay weed mat step by step.

Can you use both?

Yes. Many farms use film on short-season, machine-laid vegetable blocks and weed mat on permanent beds, paths, orchard rows and polyhouse floors. Choose by how long the cover needs to stay down and how much traffic it takes.

Quick decision guide

Not sure which roll width you need? See 0.6 m, 1 m or 1.5 m weed mat. Equipping a whole farm? Ask for a bulk quote.

Shop weed mat rolls →

Sources and further reading

• Plastic Mulching (SSWM): overview of choosing plastic sheeting and its uses, based on Tamil Nadu Agricultural University material
• Mulching: a diversified and multipurpose input in agriculture (FAO AGRIS record): research overview of mulch types and benefits
• MIDH Operational Guidelines, April 2025: Government of India horticulture mission guidelines covering plastic mulching and protected cultivation

Frequently asked questions

Is weed mat better than plastic mulching sheet?

For beds, orchard rows, paths and polyhouse floors that stay in place for several seasons, usually yes. Weed mat lets water through, resists tearing and lasts 3 to 5 years. For a single short crop, mulching sheet is cheaper upfront.

Does weed mat let water through like mulch film?

Weed mat is woven and water permeable, so rain and drip water soak through. Plastic mulch film is sealed, so water reaches the soil only through holes and edges.

How long does plastic mulching sheet last compared to weed mat?

Mulch film usually lasts one crop or season. Our UV-stabilised 110 GSM weed mat is rated for 3 to 5 years outdoors.

Can I use weed mat instead of mulching paper for vegetables?

Yes. Lay drip lines first, cover the bed with weed mat, pin the edges and cut small holes at each dripper for planting.

Which is cheaper, weed mat or mulching sheet?

Mulching sheet is cheaper per square metre for one season. Weed mat costs more upfront but is reused for several seasons, which often makes it cheaper over time.

Can I use both on the same farm?

Yes. Many farms use film on short-season machine-laid blocks and weed mat on permanent beds, paths, orchards and polyhouse floors.

The post Weed Mat vs Plastic Mulching Sheet: Which Is Better? appeared first on Allions Global.

Who this guide is for

• Polyhouse and net house builders and fabricators.
• Agricultural contractors and turnkey project companies.
• Large nurseries and FPOs equipping several structures.
• Dealers stocking accessories for local growers.

The accessories every project needs

For clip, pin, stake and bag products, you can mix pack sizes to match your count exactly. For larger volumes, request a project quote.

Estimating quantities: worked example

Here is a 1,000 sq m polyhouse (25 m × 40 m) with full floor cover, 16 beds, two laterals per bed and insect net side curtains. Quantities are estimates; adjust for your layout.

Add plant support clips at about 8 per plant for 2 m crops on strings. A 4,000 sq m (roughly 1 acre) house needs about four times the mat, pins and stakes, and clips in proportion to the length of curtain you fix.

For the full floor setup method, see our polyhouse floor setup guide.

Quick estimating formulas

• Weed mat rolls: area to cover (sq m) ÷ 150 for 1.5 m rolls. Add a little for overlaps.
• Mat pins: edges at 1 pin per 1 to 1.5 m, joins at 1 pin per 30 to 50 cm.
• Drip stakes: total lateral length ÷ 1.5 m, plus one per end and bend.
• Net clips: length of every pipe or wire the net is fixed to × 100 ÷ spacing in cm (30 to 50), plus 10%. See the shade net clip quantity guide.
• Plant clips: plants × (final height in cm ÷ 25).

Ordering tips for contractors

1. Estimate per structure, then combine. List quantities for each house, then order across the whole project.
2. Keep 5 to 10% spare on pins, stakes and clips for windward walls, corners and repairs.
3. Order before the season peak. Builders get busy before planting seasons and monsoon; order early so materials are on site when the frame is ready.
4. Match pins to soil. 7 inch nails or U-pins for sandy or windy sites; 6 inch nails for firm soil. See nails vs U-pins.
5. Confirm pipe sizes. Our drip stakes and U-pins are made for 16 mm laterals.
6. Ask about invoicing and dispatch when you request your quote, so paperwork matches your project needs.

Why standard parts save time

Using the same mat, pins, stakes and clips on every structure means your crews learn one method, spares are interchangeable between sites, and estimating gets faster with each job. Clips, pins and stakes are reusable, so clients can relay them when nets or mats are replaced.

Related guides

Read how to choose the right weed mat, which roll width to buy and how to stop drip lines shifting.

Request a project quote →

Sources and further reading

• MIDH Operational Guidelines, April 2025: Government of India guidelines covering greenhouses, shade net houses, plastic mulching and BIS conformity of materials
• National Horticulture Board: schemes and information for commercial horticulture and protected cultivation in India

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply polyhouse accessories in bulk?

Yes. Clips, pins, stakes and grow bags come in packs of up to 1000, weed mat comes in 5 m to 100 m rolls, and we quote larger project quantities for builders and contractors.

How much weed mat for a 1,000 sq m polyhouse?

About 7 rolls of 1.5 m × 100 m for full floor cover, plus pins for edges and joins.

How many shade net clips for polyhouse side curtains?

Measure the length of pipe or wire the curtain is fixed to, top and bottom, multiply by 100 and divide by your spacing in cm, then add 10%. About 720 for 130 m of curtain at 40 cm.

What drip pipe size do your stakes fit?

Our drip pipe holder stakes and galvanized U-pins are made for 16 mm outside-diameter lateral pipe.

How do I get a project quote?

Contact us with your structure sizes and layout, and we will suggest quantities across mat, pins, stakes and clips.

The post Bulk Buying Guide for Polyhouse Builders and Contractors appeared first on Allions Global.

What branch angle means

Branch angle is the angle between a side branch and the trunk or central leader. A branch growing almost straight up has a narrow angle. A branch trained outwards, closer to horizontal, has a wide angle. In many fruit trees, growers commonly aim for main scaffold branches somewhere around 45 to 60 degrees from vertical, though the ideal varies by crop, variety and training system.

Why branch angle matters

Stronger branch joints

Very narrow, upright angles tend to trap bark inside the joint as the branch and trunk thicken. These joints are generally weaker and more likely to split under a heavy crop or strong wind. Wider angles usually form stronger joints.

Balance between growth and fruit

Upright shoots tend to grow vigorously and put energy into leaves and wood. Branches trained outwards generally grow more calmly and are more inclined to form fruiting buds. That is why training is a standard tool for bringing young trees into bearing.

Light and air in the canopy

A canopy of wide-angled branches stays open, so sunlight reaches inner leaves and fruit, and air moves through after rain. A crowded upright canopy shades itself and stays damp, which favours disease.

Easier management

Open, low trees are easier to prune, spray, net and harvest, which saves labour every season.

Common training systems

Whichever system you choose, wide branch angles on the main scaffolds are a shared goal. Your local horticulture department or Krishi Vigyan Kendra can advise on the system preferred for your crop and region.

When to train

• Years 1 to 3 matter most. Young wood is flexible and sets quickly in a new position.
• Train during active growth, when shoots are supple. For apple, that is usually the spring and early summer flush; for guava and mango, after pruning when new shoots are forming.
• Do not force old wood. Mature, stiff branches crack if bent hard.

Ways to set branch angles

Our aluminium branch bending tool is a zigzag spreader about 10 cm long and 4 mm thick. Hook one end on the trunk and the other on the branch, leave it for one growing season, then move it to the next branch. It is reusable for years. Step-by-step instructions are in branch bending for mango, guava and apple trees.

A simple year-by-year plan

1. Year 1: choose 3 to 5 well-spaced main branches. Spread them outwards with spreaders while they are flexible. Remove strongly upright competitors.
2. Year 2: move spreaders to the next set of young branches. Check last year’s branches hold their angle on their own.
3. Year 3: fine-tune with light pruning. Fit spreaders only where new branches need correcting.

Look after the orchard floor too

Training shapes the canopy, but young trees also need water and nutrients without weed competition. A strip of 1.5 m weed mat along each tree row keeps the base clean; see weed mat for orchard rows. Hold drip lines next to each tree with 16 mm drip pipe stakes.

Common mistakes

• Waiting too long: branches stiffen and become hard to train.
• Bending too far at once: bend gradually; a cracked branch will not recover.
• Leaving spreaders on for years: once a branch holds its angle, move the tool on.
• No plan: pick a training system first, then train every tree to it.

Training a large orchard? Ask us for a bulk quote on branch spreaders, weed mat and drip stakes.

Shop branch bending tool →

Sources and further reading

• Training Young Apple Trees to the Central Leader System (New Mexico State University, Guide H-333): branch angles of 45 to 60 degrees and the use of spreaders
• Training and pruning apple trees (University of Vermont): university reading on tree training principles

Frequently asked questions

Why does branch angle matter on fruit trees?

Wide branch angles generally form stronger joints, keep the canopy open to light and air, and help balance leafy growth with fruiting. Narrow upright angles tend to be weaker and more vigorous.

What is the best branch angle for fruit trees?

Growers commonly aim for main scaffold branches around 45 to 60 degrees from vertical, but the ideal varies by crop, variety and training system.

When should I train fruit tree branches?

In the first 2 to 3 years, during active growth when shoots are flexible. Do not force old, stiff branches.

What tools are used to train fruit tree branches?

Branch spreaders (bending tools), tie-downs, light weights and clothes pegs for very young shoots, combined with pruning.

Which training system should I use?

Central leader suits apple and pear; open centre suits peach, guava and pomegranate; modified leader suits mango and citrus. Check with your local horticulture department for your crop.

How long should a branch spreader stay on?

About one growing season, until the branch holds its new angle on its own.

The post Fruit Tree Training: Why Branch Angle Matters for Yield appeared first on Allions Global.

Why grow bag size matters

• Root room: fruiting vegetables need enough depth for roots to anchor a heavy plant.
• Water buffer: more mix holds more water, which matters on a hot terrace in April to June.
• Nutrients: a larger volume of mix feeds the plant longer between top-ups.
• Weight: every litre of wet mix adds load on your roof, so bigger is not always better.

Grow bag size guide by vegetable

As a general guide, fruiting vegetables want more mix than leafy greens and herbs. Use this as a starting point and adjust for your variety and climate.

These volumes are general gardening guidance, not fixed rules. Hot, windy terraces benefit from the upper end of each range.

About our grow bags

Our HDPE grow bags measure 20 × 20 × 35 cm (about 8 × 8 × 14 inch), which works out to roughly 14 litres of mix. The tall shape gives roots good depth on a small footprint, so you can fit more plants on a terrace or balcony.

• White outer surface reflects sunlight on hot days.
• Drainage holes let excess water escape so roots do not sit wet.
• Light HDPE is easier to carry up to a terrace than clay or cement pots.
• Movable, so you can shift bags to follow the sun.
• Folds flat to store at the end of the season.

They are sold in packs of 100, 200, 500 and 1000, which suits large terrace gardens, community gardens and nurseries.

How to fill and plant

1. Mix a light potting mix: garden soil, compost and cocopeat. A light mix drains well and keeps the bag manageable.
2. Fill to 3 to 5 cm below the top to leave room for watering.
3. Water slowly until it drains, then let the mix settle.
4. Plant one seedling per bag for tomato, chilli and brinjal.
5. Place in full sun, at least 6 hours a day for fruiting crops.
6. Add a stake at planting time for tomato and brinjal so you do not damage roots later.

Supporting tomato and brinjal in bags

A loaded tomato or brinjal plant can tip a bag over. Push a bamboo stake into the bag at planting and fix the stem with plant support clips every 20 to 30 cm as it grows. No knots, and the clip leaves room for the stem to thicken. Our guide on supporting tomato and climbing plants with clips has more detail.

Watering grow bags in summer

Bags on a hot terrace dry faster than ground beds. Check the mix every morning by pressing a finger in; water when the top few centimetres are dry. For many bags, a simple drip line held in place with 16 mm drip pipe stakes saves a lot of time. A shade net canopy fixed with shade net clips also cuts afternoon heat; see how to fix shade net without drilling.

How many bags fit on your terrace?

With a 20 × 20 cm footprint and a little spacing for air and access, you can plan roughly 4 to 6 fruiting plants per square metre of growing area. Leave walkways between rows so you can water and harvest easily. Check your roof’s load limits before filling a large area.

Related guides

New to terrace gardening? Start with our beginner’s guide to grow bags for terrace and balcony gardening.

Shop HDPE grow bags →

Frequently asked questions

What size grow bag is best for tomato?

Cherry and compact bush tomatoes do well in about 12 to 20 litres of mix, such as our 20 × 20 × 35 cm bag with a stake. Large climbing tomatoes give better yields in 20 litres or more.

What size grow bag for chilli?

Chilli and capsicum do well in 10 to 15 litres of mix, one plant per bag. Our 20 × 20 × 35 cm grow bag (about 14 litres) is a good fit.

What size grow bag for brinjal?

Most home brinjal varieties grow well in 12 to 20 litres, one plant per bag, with a stake for support.

How many litres is a 20 × 20 × 35 cm grow bag?

About 14 litres (20 × 20 × 35 cm = 14,000 cubic cm).

Do your grow bags have drainage holes?

Yes. They have punched drainage holes so excess water escapes and roots do not sit wet.

Can I buy a few grow bags?

Our grow bags are sold in packs of 100, 200, 500 and 1000, which suits large terrace gardens, community gardens and nurseries.

The post Best Grow Bag Size for Tomato, Chilli and Brinjal on a Terrace appeared first on Allions Global.